Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse (CAPA) Practice Exam

A patient extubated post PACU is exhibiting croup cough and hoarseness. What initial treatment can the nurse expect to implement?

1. Racemic epinephrine administration

2. Chest physiotherapy

3. Suctioning

4. Administration of corticosteroid

The correct answer is: Racemic epinephrine administration

The presence of a croup cough and hoarseness in a patient who has just been extubated suggests that the patient may be experiencing airway swelling or irritation, which is common after extubation due to trauma from the endotracheal tube or changes in mucosal integrity. The administration of racemic epinephrine is a known and effective initial treatment in this scenario. Racemic epinephrine acts as a bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor, helping to reduce airway edema and improve breathing by providing immediate relief from upper airway swelling. In cases of croup, particularly in children, but also applicable in adult cases post-extubation, the use of racemic epinephrine is essential for immediate management. The treatment can lead to a rapid decrease in swelling and improvement in symptoms, allowing for closer observation and determining if further treatment is necessary. While chest physiotherapy, suctioning, and corticosteroids may be helpful in managing airway issues subsequently, they do not provide the immediate effect that racemic epinephrine does for swelling and inflammation, making it the most appropriate initial treatment in this context.